At a time when we are struggling with issues linked to food security, nutrition, and sustainability, the developing research and development in the field of millets provides a glimmer of hope
Like many Indians, I grew up on millet-based dishes. Jowar bhakri was a staple in our household, Bajre ki roti was frequently on the menu as well, while ragi dosa featured often on the weekends. But, despite their ancient popularity, millets were largely considered poor man’s food. More popular grains such as wheat and rice often replaced it on the tables of affluent families in urban areas of the country, even as it remained an important crop for millions in the arid and semi-arid regions.
This makes little sense to me, this lack of preference for millets in India, especially given their adaptive nature, nutritional and environmental benefits. And, while most Indians showed an indifference to them, their usage persisted in far off rural Indian communities, and we see the recent emergence of their popularity among people across the globe.
India is one of the top exporters of millets in the world, with over 159,332 metric tonnes estimated to have been exported during the 2020-21 fiscal year, and, according to a report by Mordor Intelligence, the global millet market size is going to grow at a CAGR of 4.8% until 2027. The growing global popularity of these supergrains has been recognised by the United Nations, rightly so, on India’s proposal, has declared 2023 the International Year of Millets to raise awareness about the nutritional and ecological benefits of millets.
But, thankfully, the scenario for millets in India is changing — fast, and for the better!
India and millets: The changing dynamics of an old relationship
The history of millets in India goes back to the dawn of civilisation in the subcontinent, and, in recent years, there has been a newfound appreciation of these nutricereals due to a growing demand for healthy and sustainable foods. And why wouldn’t there be? Millets are gluten-free; rich in protein and fibre, micronutrients, a lower glycemic index, and packed with more antioxidants as compared to current staple grains such as wheat and rice.
Millets are beneficial for the diabetic population which is estimated to rise from 77 million currently to over 134 million by 2045. They are also suitable for other health conditions and intolerances, such as celiac disease. With these established health benefits these supergrains have become increasingly popular among Indians consumers especially, those who are health-conscious, athletes, and food enthusiasts.
They are now diversified into a variety of products including breads, cereals, snacks, and beverages.
Innovations in Millet-Based Products: From Chips to Protein Bars
The versatility of millets has led to a wide range of innovative products that showcase the unique properties of these grains. Innovation in millet-based products has enabled us to explore new culinary possibilities while also meeting the growing demand for healthy and sustainable options, right from the centre of the plate to snack items. In addition to traditional millet-based dishes, millet-based snacks and packaged foods are finding good traction. Several Indian food companies are striving to unlock the potential of millets, extending their acceptance among Indians by introducing them in varied formats, from chips, cookies, granola bars, muesli, to even instant noodles.
We also see the vast emergence of innovative millet-based products that are specially targeted to health-conscious consumers. For example, millet-based protein powders and bars have become popular among athletes and fitness enthusiasts given their high protein content. Established FMCG companies have also joined the race by acquiring new-age brands that offer millet-based and healthy foods.
Evolving Research and Development in Millet Innovation
Research and development have played a crucial role in the evolution of millets as a modern superfood. Agriculture scientists and entrepreneurs are working together to develop millets that are more nutritious, flavourful, and resilient to climate change and other environmental challenges. While millets have traditionally been used in dishes such as porridges and flatbreads, new-age Indian consumers want more versatile, healthier options at their convenience without compromising on taste. This is where R&D is driving the transition.
Government organisations like the Indian Institute of Millet Research (ICAR- IIMR) have embarked on a journey to develop a wide range of millet-based products, including ready-to-eat snacks and breakfast cereals. The support from government policies and initiatives has encouraged Indian food and beverage organisations to manufacture and popularise more millet products.
Millets and Sustainable Agriculture: The Connection Between Farming and Climate Change
According to a study titled “Projected Effect of Droughts on Supply, Demand, and Prices of Crops in India” published in Economic and Political Weekly magazine, a 20% rainfall deficit will result in a significant shortage of rice, approximately 13.91 million tonnes, by 2030. With a 30% rainfall deficit, the shortage is projected to increase to 28.66 million tonnes. Here, the drought-tolerant millets, which can grow in poor soils and under low rainfall, can step up as an excellent alternative crop for farmers in arid regions.
Apart from the health benefits, millets are also a sustainable crop that can help address the environmental challenges of modern agriculture. Being more water-efficient than other crops, they can play a significant role in ensuring food security. Millets also have a shorter growing cycle and do not require chemical fertilisers, making them more environmentally friendly than wheat, corn, or rice.
With growing interest and investment in these ancient grains, the future of millets looks bright. As the world faces mounting challenges related to food security, nutrition, and sustainability, millets offer a promising solution. These versatile grains can play a pivotal role in creating a resilient and sustainable food system that has a low carbon footprint thus meeting the needs of both people and the planet. With research and development playing a crucial role in millet innovation, we can expect to see more exciting millet-based products in the future.
The change is already here and happening, driven by evolving consumer sensibilities and preferences, the push towards sustainability, and the climate crisis. The choice to ensure how soon it happens, though, remains up to us as consumers, and the sooner we choose the healthier, more environmentally sustainable option and accelerate a shift toward better choices, the better it will be for the health of the people and planet around us.
(The author is Chief Research & Development Officer, Marico Limited)