Rajasthan’s wetlands are not merely scenic spots, but their role as carbon sinks, biodiversity hotspots, and water reservoirs makes them invaluable assets in the fight against climate change
Rajasthan, India’s largest state, known for its arid landscapes, hides a surprising secret: its wetlands. These unique ecosystems not only provide a lifeline in the desert but also act as vital carbon sinks, playing a crucial role in mitigating climate change.
Despite covering only 1.9% of Rajasthan’s land area (Rajasthan State of Environment Report, 2020), wetlands contribute significantly to the state’s ecological balance. They function as natural sponges, absorbing excess rainwater and replenishing groundwater reserves. This is crucial in a region where water scarcity is a perennial issue.
Moreover, these wetlands support a rich biodiversity. The Sambhar Salt Lake, for instance, attracts over 200,000 migratory birds annually, including flamingos, pelicans, and cranes, according to the Bombay Natural History Society. Keoladeo National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, provides habitat for over 370 bird species as per the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Wetlands are unsung heroes in the fight against climate change. Research suggests that wetlands store more carbon per unit area than any other ecosystem, including forests. According to a study published in the journal “Nature,” wetlands globally store an estimated 44.6 billion tonnes of carbon.
In Rajasthan, studies conducted by the Indian Institute of Science have estimated that the Sambhar Salt Lake alone sequesters approximately 0.5 tonnes of carbon per hectare annually (IISc Report on Sambhar Lake, 2018). When extrapolated to other wetlands in the state, the total carbon sequestration potential of Rajasthan’s wetlands becomes significant.
Despite their ecological significance, Rajasthan’s wetlands face numerous threats. Encroachment, pollution from agricultural runoff and industrial effluents, and unsustainable water extraction are causing these ecosystems to degrade rapidly. According to the Rajasthan State of Environment Report, 2020, the area under wetlands in the state has declined by 15% over the past two decades.
Recognising the urgent need for conservation, the government and various NGOs have initiated numerous projects. The Integrated Management Plan of Sambhar Lake, prepared by the Department of Environment and Climate Change, aims to restore the lake’s ecological health and improve water management practices. Similarly, the State Wetland Authority of Rajasthan focuses on strengthening institutional capacity for wetland management and promoting community participation in conservation efforts.
In conclusion, Rajasthan’s wetlands are not merely scenic spots but crucial ecosystems that provide a multitude of services. Their role as carbon sinks, biodiversity hotspots, and water reservoirs makes them invaluable assets in the fight against climate change and desertification. Protecting and restoring these wetlands is not just an ecological imperative but also a socio-economic necessity for the sustainable development of Rajasthan.